The Game You Win By Losing (Parrondo's Paradox) ─ Vsauce2

Watch Donut Media: https://youtu.be/1RNc-2hpHP8

Huge thanks to Donut Media for supporting Vsauce2 and for having me on their channel. Go support them! They're great!

While working on the interplay between thermodynamics and information theory, physicist Juan Parrondo realized that a system of losing games could actually produce a winning result. And it isn't just by playing them in a highly-strategic way; it's even possible for two guaranteed losers to generate a winner when played randomly.

At the heart of that counterintuitive conclusion is a test of our understanding of probability and relationships between events. From the simplest money-based games and coin flip scenarios to theoretical perpetual motion machines like the Brownian ratchet and flashing Brownian ratchet, Parrondo's Paradox explores elements of game theory that are inspiring research in fields like biogenetics, finance, and evolutionary biology.

*** SOURCES ***

Finite Math -- Markov Chains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYaW-...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afIhg...

Derek Abbot, Peter Taylor, and Juan Parrando, "Parrondo's Paradoxical Games and the Discrete Brownian Ratchet"
https://www.academia.edu/269127/Parro...

Stan Wagon's Parrondo Paradox Demonstration
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/The...

Abhijit Kar Gupta and Sourabh Banerjee, "Parrondo's Paradox: New Results and New Ideas"
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/16...

New York Times, "Paradox In Game Theory: Losing Strategy That Wins"
https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/25/sc...

S. N. Ethier and Jiyeon Lee, "The flashing Brownian ratchet and Parrondo's paradox"
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/do...

Andrew Gelman and Deborah Nolan, "You can load a die but you can't bias a coin"
https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~nolan/...

*** LINKS ***

Vsauce2 Links
Twitter: https://twitter.com/VsauceTwo
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/VsauceTwo

Hosted and Produced by Kevin Lieber
Instagram: http://instagram.com/kevlieber
Twitter: https://twitter.com/kevleeb
Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/thecreateunknown

Research And Writing by Matthew Tabor
https://twitter.com/TaborTCU

Editing by Aspect Science
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyi0...

Huge Thanks To Paula Lieber
https://www.etsy.com/shop/Craftality

Get Vsauce's favorite science and math toys delivered to your door!
https://www.curiositybox.com/

Select Music By Jake Chudnow: http://www.youtube.com/user/JakeChudnow

#education #vsauce