The Millions Year War ─ Vsauce2

“Vitality — that is the test; and, whatever its components, mere truth is not necessarily one of them. A dragon, for instance, is a more enduring animal than a pterodactyl. I have never yet met anyone who really believed in a pterodactyl; but every honest person believes in dragons — down in the back-kitchen of his consciousness.”
-Kenneth Grahame

Outro Song: Just A Ride by Rishloo
http://www.rishloo.com/
https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/liv...

BOOKS

The Reluctant Dragon by Kenneth Grahame on Amazon
http://geni.us/TheReluctantDragon

The Fruit, The Tree, And The Serpent: Why We See So Well by Lynne A. Isbell on Amazon
http://geni.us/TheFruitTreeSerpent

An Instinct For Dragons by David E. Jones on Amazon
http://geni.us/AnInstinctForDragons

The Dragons Of Eden by Carl Sagan on Amazon
http://geni.us/TheDragonsofEden

Kenneth Graham Biography by Peter Green on Amazon
http://geni.us/KennethGrahame

Dragons: The Myths, Legends and Lore by Doug Niles on Amazon
http://geni.us/MythsLegendsandLore

Dragons And Unicorns: A Natural History by Paul A. Johnsgard on Amazon
http://geni.us/DragonsandUnicorns

Dragons: A Natural History by Karl P. N. Shuker on Amazon
http://geni.us/DragonsANaturalHistory

Venomous: How Earth’s Deadliest Creatures Mastered Biochemistry by Christie Wilcox on Amazon
http://geni.us/Venemous

RESEARCH PAPERS

Conditioned Electrodermal Responses To Masked Fear-Relevant Stimuli
https://goo.gl/wiM9sE

On The Automatic Nature Of Phobic Fear
https://goo.gl/v94ovh

Testing The Snake-Detection Hypothesis
https://goo.gl/IICPk6

The Hidden Snake In The Grass
https://goo.gl/Kj2uOs

Humans Recognize Partially Obscured Snakes More Easily Than Other Animals
https://goo.gl/oPyjad

The Origin of Snake And Spider Fear
https://goo.gl/ViXJDs

The Narrow Fellow In The Grass
https://goo.gl/vwId37

ARTICLES

Afraid of Snakes? Your Pulvinar May Be To Blame by Carl Zimmer
https://goo.gl/hoJGtu

Fear Of Snakes, Spiders Rooted In Evolution by John Roach
https://goo.gl/nOMD5h

When You Were A Baby, You Were Not Scared Of Snakes by Melissa Hogenboom
https://goo.gl/TbNNnL

Why We Are Afraid Of Snakes by Ann Lukits
https://goo.gl/AMzJBh

Are Humans Predisposed To Fear Snakes by Nathan H. Lents
https://goo.gl/cRqIUe

Scientists Have A Scary Theory About Why Human Vision Evolved by Meghan Bartels
https://goo.gl/3NGnvv

East vs West Dragons
https://goo.gl/hpharX

NPR Lynne Isbell Snake Detection Theory
https://goo.gl/tN9rPQ
https://goo.gl/qlqOMW

Ancestor Of All Placental Mammals
https://goo.gl/AucczE

ASSET CREDITS

Fire-Breathing Dragon Sound Effect by CGEffex
https://goo.gl/RKR589

Tablet V Photo of Epic of Gilgamesh by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin
https://goo.gl/uHeImk
https://goo.gl/Z9P820

Spanish Dragon Relief by Alexandre Perez Vigo
https://goo.gl/T78u0Y

Gilgamesh Statue Photos by ZulaikhaN and Samantha
https://goo.gl/OtgIwM
https://goo.gl/EtGjPb
https://goo.gl/3rUZUy

Eastern Dragon Gates picture by Okkisafire
https://goo.gl/88oQfb

Blindsight Experiment 1989
https://goo.gl/gkK3rY

Lemurs Madagascar by Quentin Djaq Le Franc
https://goo.gl/h9cSWG

Lemurs Madagascar r by Andrew Quitmeyer
https://goo.gl/LwWX3U

World Map by Nicholas Raymond Changes Made
https://goo.gl/SQa7u2

Harlow’s Studies On Dependency In Monkeys
https://goo.gl/Y5iFf7

UCF In Print - David Jones
https://goo.gl/tJ962k

Die Nibelungen by Fritz Lang (1924)
https://goo.gl/6yiKwD

Artwork By

Darrell K. Sweet
Edward Burne-Jones
Bernat Martorell
George Timothy Tobin
Arthur Rackham
Briton Rivière
Viktor Vasnetsov
Qasim ibn ’Ali
Ogata Gekko
Donn P Crane
Konstantin Vasilyev
Thomas Cooper Gotch
Chen Rong
William Blake
Harold Nelson
Leonardo Da Vinci
Emil Doepler
Solomon Joseph Solomon
Sir George Ripley
Maximilian Liebenwein
Georg Jenny
Ulisse Aldrovandi
John Bauer
Gustav Doré
Caravaggio

VSAUCE CREDITS

Written, Produced, Edited and Hosted by Kevin Lieber
Instagram: http://instagram.com/kevlieber
Twitter: https://twitter.com/kevleeb
Website: http://kevinlieber.com

Contributing Researcher & Editor Matthew Tabor, Koala Fight Media
http://koala.fm/

VFX by Eric Langlay
https://www.youtube.com/c/ericlanglay

Sound Design by Jay Pellizzi
http://jaypellizzi.com/

Select Music by Jake Chudnow
https://www.youtube.com/user/jakechudnow

Special Thanks Hopi Hoekstra
https://twitter.com/hopihoekstra

Special Thanks Joshua Mark
https://www.ancient.eu/user/JPryst/

Special Thanks Paula Lieber
https://twitter.com/pixichuu

Vsauce2 Links
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/VsauceTwo
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/VsauceTwo
Website: http://www.Vsauce.com

The Curiosity Box
https://www.curiositybox.com/